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Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts

Richard E. Klabunde, PhD

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Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts 3e textbook cover

Click here for information on Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts, 3rd edition, a textbook published by Wolters Kluwer (2021)


Cardiovascular Physiology Concepts textbook cover

Click here for information on Normal and Abnormal Blood Pressure, a textbook published by Richard E. Klabunde (2013)


 


Combined Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction

 

 

effects of systolic and diastolic dysfunction on ventricular pressure-volume loops

It is not uncommon for chronic heart failure to have a combination of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, the slope of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) is decreased and the slope of the passive filling curve (reciprocal of compliance) is increased in the ventricular pressure-volume loop shown to the right. When this occurs, there is a dramatic reduction in stroke volume (width of pressure-volume loop) because end-systolic volume is increased and end-diastolic volume is decreased. Both ejection fraction and stroke work are also decreased.

The changes shown in the figure assume that heart rate and systemic vascular resistance are both unchanged; however, in patients, both parameters will probably be increased because of neurohumoral activation in response to heart failure.

This combination of systolic and diastolic dysfunction, coupled with compensatory volume expansion, can lead to very high end-diastolic pressures that can cause pulmonary congestion and edema, as well as systemic edema and ascites (particularly when the right ventricle is in failure).

 

Revised 01/28/2023

 

 

DISCLAIMER: These materials are for educational purposes only, and are not a source of medical decision-making advice.