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What are the normal
concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions inside and outside of
a cardiac myocyte?
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What is the Nernst potential?
What is an equilibrium potential?
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How does changing the concentrations of sodium, potassium, and calcium ions
inside and outside the cell affect the resting membrane potential in cardiac
cells? click
here
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What
is the role of the sarcolemmal Na+/K+-ATPase in the
generation and maintenance of cardiac membrane potentials?
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How are calcium gradients
maintained across the cardiac cell membrane?
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How do changes in the relative ionic conductances of sodium, potassium, and
calcium ions affect the membrane potential?
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How are cardiac action potentials different from those found in nerve cells?
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What ionic currents are responsible for pacemaker action potentials?
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How do autonomic nerves,
circulating catecholamines, extracellular potassium concentrations, thyroid
hormone, and hypoxia alter pacemaker activity?
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What ionic currents are responsible for non-pacemaker action potentials?
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What
is the effective refractory period (ERP) for an action potential and what
can cause it to lengthen or shorten?
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What is the normal sequence and pathways for depolarization within the
heart? click
here
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How do autonomic nerves,
circulating catecholamines, cellular hypoxia, and drugs blocking sodium
channels alter conduction velocity within the heart?
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